|
Nikolai or Nicolaus Ivanovich von Zaremba () was a Russian musical theorist, teacher and composer. His most famous student was Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, who became his pupil 1861. Others included Dostojevsky's nephews, the children of his brother Mikhail〔(Olga de Kort on Zaremba (Dutch) )〕 and Vasily Safonov. Until 2010 almost nobody knew what he had composed. ==Biography== Zaremba was born in a Polish noble family on the family estate ''Ozupiene'' in the countryside of Vitebsk Governorate, at one time Polish Livonia, nowadays Ludza Municipality in Latvia. He went to grammar school in Daugavpils, (the birthplace of Mark Rothko). During his law study (1840-1844) in Saint-Petersburg University Anton Gerke was his piano teacher; Johann Benjamin Gross became his cello and theory teacher. He composed a Concert-Ouverture for big orchestra (1842), influenced by Beethoven (the premiere was held in the hall of the University of December 28, 1842, conducted by Karl Schubert); around 1843 a mazurka, influenced by Chopin. Zaremba was appointed at the Ministry of Internal Affairs.〔(Olga de Kort on Zaremba (Dutch) )〕 He escaped from a transport to Siberia after he had joined the utopian Petrashevsky Circle, just like Dostojevski. When his father, a colonel in the army, had died Zaremba changed his goal. In 1852 he moved to Berlin and studied composition under Adolf Bernhard Marx. He met with Franz Liszt and Hans von Bülow, a famous director.〔(Olga de Kort on Zaremba (Dutch) )〕 In 1854 he left Germany. Zaremba started a career as cantor of the Lutheran Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, after he married the Lutheran Jacobine Philippine Adeleide von Klugen. In 1860 he joined the Russian Musical Society. He was appointed as one of the professors at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory when it was founded in 1862. Zaremba taught composition and harmony in the russian language, then not very common. In 1867, he succeeded Anton Rubinstein as director of the conservatory. (For a while Modest Mussorgsky lived at Zaremba's brother's house.) In 1871 Zaremba moved to Ludwigsburg, after a conflict with grand duchess Elena Pavlovna. Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov was appointed as his successor. Zaremba composed most of his piano works and the oratorio in Würtemberg. He returned to the Russian Empire after two years. Then Vasily Safonov became his (private) pupil. In 1878 he had a stroke and died the year following; he was buried at Volkovo Cemetery. His wife and daughters moved to Clarens, Switzerland, near Montreux, with many of his compositions, which were given to Basel University and traced in 2010. His daughter Lydia Zaremba was married to Theo Heemskerk, a Dutch politician. Zaremba's life and work was studied by Andrey Alexeev-Boretsky, the librarian and a musicologist at the St. Peterburg conservatory. A small exhibition was held, commemorating its founders after 150 years. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nikolai Zaremba」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|